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Within these layers, carbon atoms are arranged in tightly bonded sheets, while weak van der Waals forces hold the sheets together. This structure allows lithium ions to move or intercalate between layers during charging and to de‑intercalate during discharge. 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Amorphous graphite, with lower crystallinity, is mainly used in refractories and steelmaking, while vein graphite is rare but highly pure and mined in small quantities.",{"type":50,"attrs":335,"content":336},{"textAlign":23},[337,345,347,354],{"text":338,"type":55,"marks":339},"Synthetic graphite",[340,343,344],{"type":111,"attrs":341},{"href":342,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://www.benchmarkminerals.com/synthetic-graphite",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":346,"type":55}," is produced by high‑temperature graphitisation of petroleum coke or needle coke at ~2,500–3,000°C. This process yields very high‑purity material with uniform performance, ideal for applications requiring long cycle life. However, ",{"text":348,"type":55,"marks":349},"synthetic graphite production",[350,352,353],{"type":111,"attrs":351},{"href":301,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":355,"type":55}," is highly energy‑intensive, raising concerns about cost and carbon footprint.",{"type":50,"attrs":357,"content":358},{"textAlign":23},[359,361,367,369,377],{"text":360,"type":55},"Both forms play complementary roles within the EV supply chain. ",{"text":307,"type":55,"marks":362},[363,365,366],{"type":111,"attrs":364},{"href":301,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":368,"type":55}," dominates mainstream and mid‑range vehicle batteries owing to its lower cost and sufficient performance, while ",{"text":370,"type":55,"marks":371},"synthetic graphite",[372,375,376],{"type":111,"attrs":373},{"href":374,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/synthetic-anode-material-average-prices-tip-below-natural-graphite-for-first-time-in-over-three-years",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":378,"type":55}," is favoured in high‑performance or fast‑charging applications, where durability and purity are critical. 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From raw material extraction to refined anode production, China maintains near‑total control, leaving Western producers heavily dependent on Chinese inputs for EV and energy‑storage batteries.",{"type":50,"attrs":435,"content":436},{"textAlign":23},[437,439,446,448,456,458,466],{"text":438,"type":55},"At the mining stage, China accounts for ~70% of global ",{"text":440,"type":55,"marks":441},"natural graphite output",[442,444,445],{"type":111,"attrs":443},{"href":207,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":447,"type":55},". 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Several Western projects in East Africa, North America, and Australia are progressing, but most remain years from commercial output and face permitting, financing, and infrastructure challenges.",{"type":50,"attrs":469,"content":470},{"textAlign":23},[471,473,480,482,488],{"text":472,"type":55},"Once mined, ",{"text":474,"type":55,"marks":475},"natural flake graphite",[476,478,479],{"type":111,"attrs":477},{"href":320,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":481,"type":55}," must be milled, shaped, coated, and purified into ",{"text":326,"type":55,"marks":483},[484,486,487],{"type":111,"attrs":485},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":489,"type":55}," before it can be used in battery anodes. China currently holds over 90% of global spherical graphite processing capacity, with no commercial‑scale facility operating in the US or Europe. Processing, rather than mining, therefore represents one of the main barriers to supply diversification.",{"type":50,"attrs":491,"content":492},{"textAlign":23},[493,495,501],{"text":494,"type":55},"China also leads ",{"text":348,"type":55,"marks":496},[497,499,500],{"type":111,"attrs":498},{"href":342,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":502,"type":55},", controlling more than 80% of global supply. Producing synthetic graphite requires petroleum or needle coke feedstock and large volumes of low‑cost electricity for high‑temperature graphitisation. Such favourable conditions are rare outside China, meaning Western output remains limited to smaller operations in Japan, the US, and parts of Europe.",{"type":50,"attrs":504,"content":505},{"textAlign":23},[506,508,514],{"text":507,"type":55},"At the downstream stage, China controls over 90% of global ",{"text":213,"type":55,"marks":509},[510,512,513],{"type":111,"attrs":511},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":515,"type":55},". Here, natural and synthetic graphite are combined with binders and conductive additives, then coated onto copper foil to form ready‑to‑use anode sheets. Western capacity in this segment is minimal, creating one of the most significant bottlenecks for planned gigafactory expansions in the US and Europe.",{"type":50,"attrs":517,"content":518},{"textAlign":23},[519,521,528],{"text":520,"type":55},"Concerns over this concentration intensified after Beijing's ",{"text":522,"type":55,"marks":523},"December 2023 announcement of export controls",[524,526,527],{"type":111,"attrs":525},{"href":226,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":529,"type":55}," on certain natural graphite materials and processing technologies. While not a full export ban, the requirement for government licences adds cost and uncertainty for foreign buyers. More broadly, the move underscores China's strategic leverage—highlighting graphite as a potential tool of economic influence, similar to rare‑earths in previous supply‑chain disputes.",{"value":531,"plugin":172},0.30000000000000004,{"_uid":533,"content":534,"anchor_id":12,"component":81,"container_width":82,"background_color":383,"vertical_spacing":174},"0f197276-2e72-4843-bd80-5f5c3d48508a",[535],{"gap":89,"_uid":536,"wrap":30,"columns":537,"heading":12,"component":169,"column_sizes":619,"reverse_on_responsive":15},"c08b756f-dec1-4256-a670-ff76f3ad2f0b",[538,609],{"_uid":539,"content":540,"component":157,"vertical_alignment":67},"6a84bdad-c09d-49b2-ac18-045f89b22d00",[541,545,603],{"_uid":542,"link":543,"content":544,"alignment":12,"component":99,"left_border":15,"sub_heading":12,"heading_size":100},"6e73442a-c58b-4a46-98ae-9daf1b7b2ba1",{"id":12,"url":12,"linktype":72,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":12},"Graphite in Batteries: Anode Material ",{"_uid":546,"text":547,"component":155,"paragraph_size":156},"4a3635c0-9a28-4e30-8fc3-7c1b02e7566c",{"type":47,"content":548},[549,562,567,588],{"type":50,"attrs":550,"content":551},{"textAlign":23},[552,554,560],{"text":553,"type":55},"Graphite is the dominant ",{"text":283,"type":55,"marks":555},[556,558,559],{"type":111,"attrs":557},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":561,"type":55}," in almost all commercial lithium ion batteries, used in everything from smartphones to EVs. Its crystalline structure comprising tightly bonded carbon layers held together by weak van der Waals forces allows lithium ions to intercalate between layers during charging and return during discharge. This reversible process is highly stable, supporting thousands of charge discharge cycles with limited degradation. Graphite's high electrical conductivity, mechanical integrity, and chemical stability make it essential for large‑scale, safe, and efficient battery performance.",{"type":50,"attrs":563,"content":564},{"textAlign":23},[565],{"text":566,"type":55},"In a typical cell, the anode accounts for ~10%–15% of total battery weight, and graphite makes up ~95% of that material. When the battery charges, lithium ions migrate from the cathode and are stored within the graphite's layered structure, forming lithium‑intercalated carbon. Upon discharge, the ions move back, supplying energy to the external circuit. The interaction between lithium and graphite determines overall capacity, efficiency, and cycle life.",{"type":50,"attrs":568,"content":569},{"textAlign":23},[570,572,578,580,586],{"text":571,"type":55},"Two main graphite types are used in anodes: ",{"text":203,"type":55,"marks":573},[574,576,577],{"type":111,"attrs":575},{"href":301,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":579,"type":55}," a mined mineral refined into spherical form and ",{"text":370,"type":55,"marks":581},[582,584,585],{"type":111,"attrs":583},{"href":374,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":587,"type":55},", produced from petroleum coke via high‑temperature graphitisation. Natural graphite offers lower cost and a smaller carbon footprint, making it preferred for mid‑range EVs and consumer batteries. Synthetic graphite, with higher purity and structural uniformity, supports faster charging, longer life, and stronger performance in high‑end applications, though it can be more expensive and is highly energy‑intensive to produce.",{"type":50,"attrs":589,"content":590},{"textAlign":23},[591,593,601],{"text":592,"type":55},"As EV adoption accelerates, the anode has become an increasingly strategic element of the battery supply chain. Efforts are focused on improving graphite processing, expanding production outside China, and developing next‑generation ",{"text":594,"type":55,"marks":595},"composite anodes combining graphite with silicon",[596,599,600],{"type":111,"attrs":597},{"href":598,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/in-charts-how-silicon-anodes-could-impact-graphite-demand",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":602,"type":55}," for higher capacity. For the foreseeable future, however, graphite remains indispensable the workhorse material underpinning almost every lithium‑ion battery in use.",{"_uid":604,"buttons":605,"component":241},"ee7b51b8-2548-4975-9fa9-80149997348c",[606],{"_uid":607,"link":608,"size":41,"label":239,"theme":43,"component":44},"ced34880-25e0-4afd-b701-ca05389d45a0",{"id":237,"url":12,"linktype":72,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":238},{"_uid":610,"content":611,"component":157,"vertical_alignment":67},"b9cf0835-f6cc-4d0f-9570-54052dd1c8df",[612],{"_uid":613,"image":614,"height":618,"component":168,"fit_image":30,"rounded_image_corners":15},"f18452c7-397f-4e12-820a-0295d8f6e720",{"id":615,"alt":12,"name":12,"focus":12,"title":12,"source":12,"filename":616,"copyright":12,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":617,"is_external_url":30},77706205344983,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/333611/3840x2160/14feada9de/hero_evmotorssystem.png",{},"496",{"value":171,"plugin":172},{"_uid":621,"content":622,"anchor_id":12,"component":81,"container_width":82,"background_color":383,"vertical_spacing":174},"93c0ce46-1e0d-4f1a-b2b9-cf4b172cf020",[623],{"_uid":624,"content":625,"component":731},"297dce8b-93d8-49a3-b759-995b9ccda30f",[626,630],{"_uid":627,"link":628,"content":629,"alignment":271,"component":99,"heading_tag":272,"left_border":30,"sub_heading":12,"heading_size":272},"a0f92432-8223-4fc0-8662-064ba7d8a077",{"id":12,"url":12,"linktype":72,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":12},"Graphite Prices: Natural vs Synthetic\t",{"_uid":631,"text":632,"alignment":271,"component":155,"paragraph_size":379},"eb1b6f6b-db19-43ce-b2a7-2d2f8fbe2a53",{"type":47,"content":633},[634,656,697,708],{"type":50,"attrs":635,"content":636},{"textAlign":23},[637,645,647,654],{"text":638,"type":55,"marks":639},"Graphite pricing",[640,643,644],{"type":111,"attrs":641},{"href":642,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/low-prices-and-geopolitics-the-graphite-market-in-2024",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":646,"type":55}," is complex, as ",{"text":648,"type":55,"marks":649},"natural and synthetic graphite",[650,652,653],{"type":111,"attrs":651},{"href":301,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":655,"type":55}," are distinct materials with separate supply chains, production routes, and cost structures. Each responds differently to changes in energy costs, policy risk, and demand from the EV sector.",{"type":50,"attrs":657,"content":658},{"textAlign":23},[659,667,669,677,679,685,687,695],{"text":660,"type":55,"marks":661},"Natural graphite prices",[662,665,666],{"type":111,"attrs":663},{"href":664,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/natural-graphite-prices-fall-by-20-on-china-supply-increase",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":668,"type":55}," are primarily formed in China, both through domestic trading and cost‑insurance‑freight (CIF) export markets into Asia. Benchmark's assessments cover multiple product categories: ",{"text":670,"type":55,"marks":671},"flake graphite concentrates",[672,675,676],{"type":111,"attrs":673},{"href":674,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinese-flake-graphite-miners-feel-the-pressure-as-prices-drop-further-in-august",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":678,"type":55}," (classified by flake size +50, +80, +100 and –100 mesh), ",{"text":326,"type":55,"marks":680},[681,683,684],{"type":111,"attrs":682},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":686,"type":55}," for battery applications (uncoated and coated), and purified spherical graphite with >99.95% carbon content, used directly in anodes. ",{"text":688,"type":55,"marks":689},"Flake graphite prices",[690,693,694],{"type":111,"attrs":691},{"href":692,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/falling-natural-graphite-prices-pressure-east-african-operations",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":696,"type":55}," fell sharply through 2023–2025 as supply growth surpassed rising demand, EV sales were lower than expected and flake graphite faced competition from more competitively priced synthetic graphite. By late 2025, flake graphite prices had reached all time lows and a significant amount of Chinese capacity had come offline due to economic constraints.",{"type":50,"attrs":698,"content":699},{"textAlign":23},[700,706],{"text":338,"type":55,"marks":701},[702,704,705],{"type":111,"attrs":703},{"href":374,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":707,"type":55}," occupies a higher‑priced but more stable segment of the market. Produced from petroleum or needle coke through high‑temperature graphitisation, it offers superior purity and consistency but is more expensive to produce. Synthetic graphite prices are closely linked to feedstock and electricity costs; increases in oil or power prices feed directly into higher production costs. However, demand for synthetic material is typically less price‑sensitive, as it serves performance‑critical applications where consistency and reliability are valued over cost.",{"type":50,"attrs":709,"content":710},{"textAlign":23},[711,719,721,729],{"text":712,"type":55,"marks":713},"Anode material prices",[714,717,718],{"type":111,"attrs":715},{"href":716,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/synthetic-graphite-anode-prices-fall-20-this-year-putting-pressure-on-natural-graphite",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":720,"type":55}," reflect a blend of natural and synthetic graphite costs, alongside processing and coating expenses. Key market drivers include the pace of Chinese EV production, elevated inventory levels and ",{"text":722,"type":55,"marks":723},"Chinese export policies",[724,727,728],{"type":111,"attrs":725},{"href":726,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/what-chinas-graphite-export-restrictions-mean-for-prices",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":730,"type":55},". Any tightening of export licensing could lift premiums for Western‑sourced material. Energy prices remain a crucial factor, particularly for synthetic graphite, where electricity is a major component of total production cost.","BlocksContent",{"_uid":733,"content":734,"anchor_id":12,"component":81,"container_width":82,"background_color":383,"vertical_spacing":174},"8608033a-be40-466f-976c-9c7bd4c5c132",[735],{"gap":173,"_uid":736,"columns":737,"heading":12,"component":169,"column_sizes":848,"reverse_on_responsive":30},"904481e4-dda3-4fc4-8ccb-060b80a611f6",[738,748],{"_uid":739,"content":740,"component":157,"vertical_alignment":67},"ff509929-9b4c-4794-85bc-8fe66c756ea3",[741],{"_uid":742,"image":743,"height":747,"component":168,"fit_image":30,"rounded_image_corners":15},"23445204-44c9-44f0-860d-22491f9e7ede",{"id":744,"alt":12,"name":12,"focus":12,"title":12,"source":12,"filename":745,"copyright":12,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":746,"is_external_url":30},77710943851986,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/333611/3840x2160/91807e48fd/hero_syntheticgraphite4.png",{},"339",{"_uid":749,"content":750,"component":157,"vertical_alignment":67},"5975a042-b8a3-4205-bbab-021e871d9471",[751,755],{"_uid":752,"link":753,"content":754,"alignment":12,"component":99,"heading_tag":12,"left_border":15,"sub_heading":12,"heading_size":272},"e463f563-a192-4b20-b8e4-760817a350e8",{"id":12,"url":12,"linktype":24,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":12},"Graphite Market Outlook",{"_uid":756,"text":757,"component":155,"paragraph_size":156},"13db8690-f817-475d-bd60-b547a8c1990c",{"type":47,"content":758},[759,773,796,809,824],{"type":50,"attrs":760,"content":761},{"textAlign":23},[762,764,771],{"text":763,"type":55},"Global demand for ",{"text":474,"type":55,"marks":765},[766,769,770],{"type":111,"attrs":767},{"href":768,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/flake-graphite-needs-more-than-7-5-billion-to-meet-2035-battery-demand",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":772,"type":55}," is forecast to rise from ~1.2m t in 2025 to almost 3m t by 2035 more than doubling within a decade. This growth rate exceeds that of every other major battery material except lithium. As EV production expands and BESS deployment increases, pressure on both natural and synthetic graphite supply chains is intensifying.",{"type":50,"attrs":774,"content":775},{"textAlign":23},[776,778,785,787,794],{"text":777,"type":55},"In the short to medium term, supply growth is expected to outpace demand, leaving the market oversupplied through the end of the decade. However, demand is projected to exceed supply thereafter, requiring new mine capacity to close the gap. Supply is beginning to diversify away from China, with new capacity ramping up in ",{"text":779,"type":55,"marks":780},"East African countries",[781,783,784],{"type":111,"attrs":782},{"href":453,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":786,"type":55}," such as Tanzania, Mozambique, and Madagascar. Projects in Canada, the US, and Australia are progressing more slowly. Lengthy permitting, financing constraints, and infrastructure limitations mean many are unlikely to begin output before the late‑2020s. Even once operational, converting natural flake into ",{"text":326,"type":55,"marks":788},[789,792,793],{"type":111,"attrs":790},{"href":791,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/sweden-is-only-eu-member-set-to-produce-spherical-graphite-by-2030",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":795,"type":55}," depends on processing capacity that exists almost entirely in China; establishing comparable facilities in Western markets would take several years and require multi‑billion‑dollar investment.",{"type":50,"attrs":797,"content":798},{"textAlign":23},[799,801,807],{"text":800,"type":55},"Natural graphite use in batteries continues to face competition from ",{"text":370,"type":55,"marks":802},[803,805,806],{"type":111,"attrs":804},{"href":374,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":808,"type":55}," produced from petroleum or needle coke through high‑temperature graphitisation. Synthetic graphite offers higher purity and consistency but at a greater cost. Recently, however, producers have cut costs by using lower‑grade coke feedstocks, improving competitiveness with natural graphite.",{"type":50,"attrs":810,"content":811},{"textAlign":23},[812,814,822],{"text":813,"type":55},"The largest bottleneck lies in ",{"text":815,"type":55,"marks":816},"anode manufacturing",[817,820,821],{"type":111,"attrs":818},{"href":819,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/why-is-chinas-natural-graphite-anode-market-stalling",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":823,"type":55},". Recycling could help from the late‑2020s, though economics remain challenging: graphite's low value means reprocessing often costs more than producing virgin material. Policy incentives may nonetheless encourage greater recycled content over time.",{"type":50,"attrs":825,"content":826},{"textAlign":23},[827,829,837,839,846],{"text":828,"type":55},"Geopolitical factors remain a key uncertainty. Any escalation in ",{"text":830,"type":55,"marks":831},"US–China trade tensions",[832,835,836],{"type":111,"attrs":833},{"href":834,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/chinese-aam-imports-into-the-us-face-160-tariff-following-antidumping-investigation-ruling",{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":838,"type":55}," or tightening of ",{"text":840,"type":55,"marks":841},"Chinese export controls",[842,844,845],{"type":111,"attrs":843},{"href":226,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":847,"type":55}," could strain supply for Western markets.",{"value":849,"plugin":172},0.5,{"_uid":851,"content":852,"anchor_id":12,"component":81,"bottom_spacing":12,"container_width":82,"background_color":383,"vertical_spacing":84},"6a2fd631-64ed-4489-9cbc-85881ddc359b",[],{"_uid":854,"content":855,"anchor_id":12,"component":81,"container_width":82,"background_color":83,"vertical_spacing":174},"22ef0e0f-3eea-47c0-bb7a-38de3f8d52e7",[856],{"_uid":857,"items":858,"component":915},"0058ea75-1f07-4372-a9bd-7abfd24a7243",[859,881,898],{"_uid":860,"cards":861,"component":880,"autoplay_interval":12},"8b283522-c8d9-4d91-b22d-638ab83751eb",[862],{"_uid":863,"logo":864,"image":866,"button":870,"heading":876,"category":877,"component":878,"description":879,"image_position":67},"333672f9-97c3-4ba7-9ccd-56ee8904fcdb",{"id":23,"alt":23,"name":12,"focus":23,"title":23,"filename":23,"copyright":23,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":865,"is_external_url":30},{},{"id":867,"alt":12,"name":12,"focus":12,"title":12,"source":12,"filename":868,"copyright":12,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":869,"is_external_url":30},124739866232114,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/333611/864x572/08428055f8/image-149.png",{},[871],{"_uid":872,"icon":12,"link":873,"size":41,"label":875,"theme":43,"component":44,"icon_position":12},"8a8e9fad-9288-4c36-8422-aafbd6b7a375",{"id":12,"url":874,"linktype":39,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":874},"https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/site-visit-permanent-minerals-highlights-africas-growing-flake-graphite-role","Read more","Site visit: Permanent Minerals highlights Africa’s growing flake graphite role","Source","DesignCarouselCardItem","10th September 2025 | 3 min read\nCritical Minerals, Graphite","DesignCarouselItem",{"_uid":882,"cards":883,"component":880},"b923ec8b-d02d-4a3b-bca6-bfd6f5d1ff04",[884],{"_uid":885,"logo":886,"image":888,"button":892,"heading":896,"category":877,"component":878,"description":897,"image_position":271},"3df668a7-d4a3-46da-b841-00948b2f4098",{"id":23,"alt":23,"name":12,"focus":23,"title":23,"source":23,"filename":12,"copyright":23,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":887},{},{"id":889,"alt":12,"name":12,"focus":12,"title":12,"source":12,"filename":890,"copyright":12,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":891,"is_external_url":30},124737539916839,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/333611/300x200/8a1e5bd98a/collage_prices_6.png",{},[893],{"_uid":894,"link":895,"size":41,"label":875,"theme":43,"component":44},"96542e10-bcf9-4bda-8fb0-6bcf5b02e362",{"id":12,"url":207,"linktype":39,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":207},"Benchmark launches FOB East Africa graphite prices as demand for graphite from outside China mounts","29th August 2025 | 5 min read\nCritical Minerals, Graphite",{"_uid":899,"cards":900,"component":880},"54478d58-be5f-4e9e-b033-f92e08a1622d",[901],{"_uid":902,"logo":903,"image":905,"button":909,"heading":913,"category":877,"component":878,"description":914},"b4d2696b-031a-471b-af85-009f15219bcd",{"id":23,"alt":23,"name":12,"focus":23,"title":23,"filename":23,"copyright":23,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":904,"is_external_url":30},{},{"id":906,"alt":12,"name":12,"focus":12,"title":12,"source":12,"filename":907,"copyright":12,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":908,"is_external_url":30},124740252489029,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/333611/700x400/8d3ee65043/us-department-of-commerce.jpg",{},[910],{"_uid":911,"link":912,"size":41,"label":875,"theme":43,"component":44},"e4134a78-1d06-4ac1-bbb6-2e19f55e2a67",{"id":12,"url":834,"linktype":39,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":834},"Chinese AAM imports into the US face 160% tariff following antidumping investigation ruling","18th July 2025 | 3 min read\nAnode, Batteries, Graphite","BlocksCardsSlider",{"_uid":917,"content":918,"anchor_id":12,"component":81,"container_width":82,"background_color":83,"vertical_spacing":174},"9bacf9bb-1104-4345-ae34-a651e9f4a888",[919],{"_uid":920,"link":921,"heading":929,"component":930,"faq_items":931,"description":1120},"d930698a-712b-4a29-9b61-abf556c9b068",[922],{"_uid":923,"link":924,"label":927,"component":928},"eb65a662-63d2-4a31-9fe8-3dcd814d5e17",{"id":925,"url":12,"linktype":72,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":926},"4891e495-7c26-4b9b-8799-b82ef95977d3","homepage","Contact Us","DesignButtonLink","General 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It occurs in three main forms flake, amorphous, and vein of which ",{"text":948,"type":55,"marks":949},"flake graphite",[950,952,953],{"type":111,"attrs":951},{"href":320,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":955,"type":55}," is most relevant for battery applications. Before use in anodes, it must be purified and processed into ",{"text":326,"type":55,"marks":957},[958,960,961],{"type":111,"attrs":959},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":963,"type":55},".",{"type":50,"attrs":965,"content":966},{"textAlign":23},[967,973,975,982],{"text":338,"type":55,"marks":968},[969,971,972],{"type":111,"attrs":970},{"href":342,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":974,"type":55},", by contrast, is produced from petroleum or needle coke through a high‑temperature graphitisation process of ~2,500–3,000°C. Synthetic grades provide higher purity, structural uniformity, and longer cycle life, but is generally more expensive and significantly more ",{"text":976,"type":55,"marks":977},"energy‑intensive to produce",[978,980,981],{"type":111,"attrs":979},{"href":301,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":963,"type":55},{"type":50,"attrs":984,"content":985},{"textAlign":23},[986],{"text":987,"type":55},"Natural graphite dominates mid‑range EV applications due to its lower cost, while synthetic graphite is preferred in premium or long‑range models where performance and durability are prioritised.","What's the difference between natural and synthetic graphite?","DesignFAQItem",{"_uid":991,"answer":992,"opened":30,"question":1015,"component":989,"existing_faq":12},"3cd691b9-155e-41b4-bfaf-9dfa4b62b310",{"type":47,"content":993},[994],{"type":50,"attrs":995,"content":996},{"textAlign":23},[997,1003,1010],{"text":998,"type":55,"marks":999},"Graphite constitutes ~95% of a ",[1000],{"type":58,"attrs":1001},{"color":1002},"#3C3C39",{"text":1004,"type":55,"marks":1005},"lithium ion battery anode",[1006,1008,1009],{"type":111,"attrs":1007},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":1011,"type":55,"marks":1012}," and around 10%–15% of total cell weight. Its layered crystal structure enables lithium ions to intercalate between carbon sheets during charging and de‑intercalate during discharge. This reversible mechanism is stable and efficient, providing long cycle life, high conductivity, and safe operation. Without graphite, today's large‑scale, cost‑effective lithium‑ion batteries would not be possible.",[1013],{"type":58,"attrs":1014},{"color":1002},"Why is graphite critical for batteries?",{"_uid":1017,"answer":1018,"opened":30,"question":1061,"component":989,"existing_faq":12},"1f04402c-90e6-4535-9860-b486800fbc45",{"type":47,"content":1019},[1020],{"type":50,"attrs":1021,"content":1022},{"textAlign":23},[1023,1028,1034,1039,1045,1050,1056],{"text":1024,"type":55,"marks":1025},"China currently dominates the global ",[1026],{"type":58,"attrs":1027},{"color":1002},{"text":426,"type":55,"marks":1029},[1030,1032,1033],{"type":111,"attrs":1031},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":1035,"type":55,"marks":1036}," producing ~70% of ",[1037],{"type":58,"attrs":1038},{"color":1002},{"text":203,"type":55,"marks":1040},[1041,1043,1044],{"type":111,"attrs":1042},{"href":207,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":1046,"type":55,"marks":1047},", more than 80% of synthetic graphite, and nearly all ",[1048],{"type":58,"attrs":1049},{"color":1002},{"text":326,"type":55,"marks":1051},[1052,1054,1055],{"type":111,"attrs":1053},{"href":791,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":1057,"type":55,"marks":1058}," used in battery anodes. Natural graphite production also occurs in Brazil, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Tanzania, while new projects in Canada, the US, and Australia are under development. Ramp‑up of capacity in several of these countries will gradually diversify natural‑graphite supply, although China is expected to remain central in the short to medium term.",[1059],{"type":58,"attrs":1060},{"color":1002},"Where does battery-grade graphite come from?",{"_uid":1063,"answer":1064,"opened":30,"question":1099,"component":989},"16a50370-9586-4021-bf13-a489ce80037e",{"type":47,"content":1065},[1066],{"type":50,"attrs":1067,"content":1068},{"textAlign":23},[1069,1074,1082,1087,1094],{"text":1070,"type":55,"marks":1071},"Not yet. 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Most manufacturers therefore ",[1085],{"type":58,"attrs":1086},{"color":1002},{"text":1088,"type":55,"marks":1089},"blend small quantities of silicon",[1090,1092,1093],{"type":111,"attrs":1091},{"href":598,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":1095,"type":55,"marks":1096}," typically 5%–10% with graphite to improve performance and minimise degradation. Fully silicon‑based anodes remain at an early stage of development.",[1097],{"type":58,"attrs":1098},{"color":1002},"Are silicon anodes replacing graphite?",{"_uid":1101,"answer":1102,"opened":30,"question":1119,"component":989},"88628708-2c46-488e-adfb-e98611e614ae",{"type":47,"content":1103},[1104],{"type":50,"attrs":1105,"content":1106},{"textAlign":23},[1107,1114],{"text":1108,"type":55,"marks":1109},"Spherical graphite",[1110,1112,1113],{"type":111,"attrs":1111},{"href":125,"uuid":23,"anchor":23,"target":38,"linktype":39},{"type":115},{"type":117},{"text":1115,"type":55,"marks":1116}," is a processed form of flake graphite designed for use in battery anodes. Flakes are purified, milled, and shaped into uniform spheres, then coated with carbon to improve electrical conductivity and structural stability. The spherical morphology allows dense packing within the anode, enhancing energy capacity and cycle life. 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",{"type":50,"content":1296},[1297],{"text":1298,"type":55},"Accurate lithium pricing and market intelligence enables the industry to create and execute strategy, and scale-up to meet accelerating demand. ","HeaderMegamenuLinkAndContentItem",{"_uid":1301,"link":1302,"logo":1305,"image":1306,"label":1151,"content":1310,"heading":1151,"component":1299},"5ca4de18-212e-4c63-83d1-3f15a0c0b2b6",{"id":1303,"url":12,"linktype":72,"fieldtype":40,"cached_url":1304},"af4eee8d-2cca-420a-aee9-70bdbfdc96ec","copper/","elements/copper",{"id":1307,"alt":12,"name":12,"focus":12,"title":12,"source":12,"filename":1308,"copyright":12,"fieldtype":24,"meta_data":1309,"is_external_url":30},70915084010849,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/333611/3072x2048/6c3078b4c3/copper.png",{},{"type":47,"content":1311},[1312,1319],{"type":50,"content":1313},[1314],{"text":1315,"type":55,"marks":1316},"Copper is a critical component in the battery supply chain, essential for manufacturing electric vehicle batteries and energy storage systems. Its superior conductivity enables efficient power transfer, making it indispensable in battery cells, wiring, and connectors. 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